In 1986, transportation services were used to deliver 108 million tons of U.S. agricultural products to overseas customers. Costs of these services represent 15-30 percent of the landed price of exports. Thus, the availability and efficiency of both domestic and international transportation services affect the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural exports in world markets. This report summarizes 17 papers presented at the Transportation and Competitiveness Symposium held by the Economic Research Service in October 1986. The papers focus on both domestic and international transportation issues.