To evaluate main traits of sugarcane germplasm resources with high sucrose content and provide theoretical foundation for parental selection of sugarcane breeding, taking ROC22 as the control, the one-year plant and ratoon were planted in the field experiment with the collected 42 samples, and evaluation and survey were carried out on the agronomic traits. The results indicated that the effective stems of 35 strains including GT07-104, GT08-743, and GT04-1029 were higher than that of ROC22, reaching the significant difference and reached extremely significant difference with GT08-1533. The average Brix of new ratoon of GT02-901, GT07-110 and GT09-53 was the highest in October, close to 21.89%, 21.40% and 21.24% respectively, which was 17.3% higher than that of the control R22. The Brix weight of 39 samples including GT04-1001, GT08-898 and GT04-1029 was higher than that of the control group, but the Brix weight of GT02-901, GT08-221, GT07-548 and GT02-237 was lower. In conclusion, in 42 sugarcane germplasm samples with high sucrose, GT07-104, GT04-1029, GT04-1001, GT07-110, GT07-135, GT08-743 and GT07-5A have more effective stems, stronger ratoon ability, and excellent comprehensive early-maturing traits. In view of characteristics of these samples, these germplasm resources can be used as parental crossing and combination ratio, to select target sugarcane varieties.