The paper reports on currrent problems of the production of wheat, barley and grain corn, and compares producer prices, productivity and income from a production unit. Accession countries such as Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland were compared with EU-15 countries, namely Germany, France, Belgium and Holland. Although there are differences in agriculture development between the said EU countries, the comparison showed that accession countries are significantly behind these countries in terms of natural and value indicators.