The efficiency of crop sciences research in India has been estimated and its determinants have been evaluated using stochastic frontier production function. The results have shown a considerable scope in improving the efficiency of crop sciences research as the existing efficiency is less by 33 per cent than the achievable efficiency. The research productivity measured in terms of annual number of publications per scientist is less than one. Restructuring the institutes with adequate financial (operating contingency) support, correcting the cadre strength in favour of young scientists, and better opportunities for interaction would enhance the research efficiency.