A comparison of the most important commodities of crop production points at certain qualitative bonds in the production process. Transition to the market economy leads business managements to slighter production structures. Outstanding positions belong to wheat and also corn, of course, in case of favourable natural and ecological conditions. Sown areas of wheat are increasing but hectare yields have the trend toward decreasing. Corn acreage shows a moderate reduction but the product:on has increased in the last years. Producer's prices of the above-mentioned commodities do not reach the price level of the producers in the EU countries. Comparative advantages expressed by index RCA are much more favourable for corn. The present economicenvironment for the primary agricultural producers has many features of a crisis period but there is a real supposition to overcome it.