This article aims at analyzing the exportation agenda of the soybean complex and its changes with the advent of the Kandir Law and the participation of China, under the hypothesis that these events can generate negative externalities for Brazilian economy in terms of reprimarization of the country’s exportation agenda. For this, we analyzed the production and trade data of the soybean complex in Brazil and in the world, and researched the factors that influence the commercialization of these products. As a result, there was a decrease in the exports of products with higher added value, such as oil and bran, and a significant increase in the export of in natura soybean. The Kandir Law, China’s trade profile and the use of tariff scale practices contributed for such an occurrence.