The impact of sugarcane production versus the production of other foods has been globally discussed, with emphasis on the fairness of land use in supplying these products - food and fuel. This approach also interferes in the composition of land structure that houses the products offered and demanded by individuals. In this sense, the objective of this research was to analyze whether the change in land use – from food to biofuels - affects food security. To achieve the proposed objective, the Shift-Share model, , which examines the cultures that have the ability to replace certain crops, was used. Subsequently, the Spearman correlation was used to investigate the relations between cultures. Specialization indicators and a time series analysis for formatting the number of establishments and their areas, we also used to monitor the evolution of land ownership. The results showed that, although the expansion of cultivation of sugarcane in the state of MatoGrosso do Sul has affected the food production areas, it does not compromise food safety.