The purpose of this study was to discuss the importance of federal public policies focused on the promotion of differentiated mesorregions development process in a new configuration of rural space, especially the case of the mesorregion Great Frontier of Mercosur (Mesomercosul). The State’s role, however, is to regulate and promote development public policies such as those addressing agricultural sector, particularly the family farming. A descriptive case study was adopted. Database of projects developed from the year of 2001 to 2006 was used as sources of data for documentary and journalistic surveys. In addition, information was obtained by means of statistically and field data collection. The bibliographical, documentary and quantitativeresearch techniques were used Results indicate that the consolidation of the Mesomercosul enables to elevate regional autonomy, allowing alternatives that promote sustainability by means of organization of public power and civil society. In addition, results contribute to the development process of spaces both essentially as relatively rural, enabling the consolidation of development alternatives in long term.