Crop straw has huge resource potential. It has an important significance for realizing waste recycling and improving eco-environment to prefect straw marketization system and sufficiently stimulate farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Based on 427 copies of investigation data on farmers, influence mechanism framework of farmers’ straw marketization behavior is constructed, and key factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior are analyzed. Results show that farmers joining in straw marketization account for 42.1%; in influence factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior, cultivated land area, market price level, logistics satisfaction and air quality perception have significantly positive impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior, while education degree, agricultural income proportion and traffic convenience have significantly negative impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Therefore, it needs strengthening propaganda intensity, carrying out reasonable subsidies and support, encouraging and breeding new type of organization, and establishing and improving the price mechanism of straw marketization to perfect straw marketization construction .