Agriculture is a basic industry related to national economy and people's livelihood, and is also the cornerstone of national economic development. European Union (EU) is the second largest exporter of agricultural products in the world, and its agricultural production change has international influence. In this paper, starting from two angles of EU agricultural development scale and target, development stage of its agricultural production is explored, and development and evolution causes of EU agriculture are analyzed: efficiency and benefit targets cause change of EU agricultural management model; change of agricultural product supply-demand pattern leads the evolution of EU agricultural development idea; the reflection of agricultural development target impels the transformation of EU agricultural development. On this basis, the below conclusions are obtained: agricultural development could evolve according to the changes of economic and social conditions; it is a necessary requirement of promoting internal market stability and international market harmony to actively use agricultural support policies adapting to agricultural development at each stage; it is an important measurement of impelling agricultural modernization process to promote innovation of agricultural management model and development of market integration; it is an inevitable road of realizing sustainable development of agriculture to develop ecological agriculture and emphasize equal development of agriculture and countryside. On this basis, it could provide the reference for agricultural development of China based on EU agricultural development experience.