Using the DEA analysis method, on the basis of the national panel data from 2002 to 2014, this paper made a comparative analysis on the rice production performance before and after the implementation of direct grain subsidy policy, and made an empirical analysis on the relationship between the direct grain subsidy policy and the changes in the rice production performance. The results showed that the effect of the direct grain subsidy policy on promoting the rice production performance is declining year by year, largely because drop of scale efficiency. Besides, there are problems of serious redundancy in agricultural subsidy, unreasonable resource allocation, leading to low performance and resource waste of rice production.