United States Department of Agriculture www.ers.usda.gov A Report from the Economic Resear ch Ser vice Abstract Certain specialty crops produced in other countries have gained better access to U.S. markets since 2007, when USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service changed its regulatory protocols for phytosanitary (plant health) concerns. One treatment option allowed under the 2007 protocols is irradiation. Using the example of U.S. imports of Indian mangoes, we examine the role of irradiation in mitigating pest risks from imported fresh produce, the costs associated with treating, shipping, and marketing fresh produce imports in the U.S. market, and the resulting increased availability and lower costs of Indian mangoes for U.S. consumers.