The aim of the study was to identify the spatial differentiation of cultivated area and fruit harvest in Poland in year 2015. The sources of data for the study were based on studies of subject literature and statistical publications of the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The research shows that the location of orchards is primarily determined by natural conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, sun exposure, length of vegetation period, level of groundwater retention and slope exposure to sun. The largest fruit orchards in Poland are located in Grójec-Warka area in Mazowsze, near Sandomierz and Lublin. According to the administrative system most of the orchards are located in Mazowieckie, Lubelskie, Łódzkie, Świętokrzyskie, Wielkopolskie and Lubuskie Voivodeships. In addition, various socio-economic determinants of the development of fruit production are determined by the different socio-economic conditions. It contains closeness to the absorptive markets, price to costs relation, processing base, specialized equipment and storage facilities.