The trade negotiations between the U.S. and Mexico focus on a relatively narrow "trade and investment only" free trade agreement (FT A). Migration, labor, and labor rights issues are excluded from the negotiations presumably because of the general sensitivity to labor issues in both countries. Nevertheless, any adjustments in the magnitude or direction of agricultural commodity trade between the U.S. and Mexico as the result of an FT A will create pressure for adjustments in the use of agricultural resources like labor. This paper discusses the likely agricultural labor implications of growing U.S.-Mexico agricultural trade within the context of recent changes in Mexican policy, structure, and technology in the Mexican agricultural sector.