In Poland, the production of sugar beet is currently the last branch of agriculture controlled by the state. In 2017, the market for sugar will be deregulated. The main aim of this work is to present the prospects of production of sugar beet in Poland, in a short period after the abolition of the existing regulation in the EU. To determine the scale of possible changes farm optimization model using the technique of positive mathematical programming (PMP) was applied. For individual types of farms extracted from the sample FADN base and alternative (after complete deregulation) the structure of production and the financial results was estimated. The results indicate that the abolition of sugar quotas will lead to small increase of the sugar beets crop structure, especially in large crop farms. At the same time decrease profitability of this crop will lead to a slight reduction of the average income of farms, especially in regions with a significant participation in the structure of the beet crop.