The basic components of increasing of the level of economic and social efficiency of cattle breeding production are investigated. The influence of intensification of cattle breeding in formation of the ratio «cost performance», which revealed the possibility of increasing profitability while increasing production costs, thereby finding that the increase in the level of intensity of production can cause an increase in not only technological but also economic and social efficiency. Improved scientific and methodical bases of determination of the influence of specialization of production on the efficiency of the sector of cattle breeding, which include the consideration not only of the specialization of enterprises in manufacturing industry, but also the specific features of the industry itself, which finds expression in the structure of commodity products milk and meat.