With the cotton field of Regiment 105, Division 6 of Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang as the object of study, this paper uses remote sensing, geographic information system technology and statistical analysis software to analyze the correlation between 18 sets of spectral data and cotton plant height, with a view to exploring the characteristics of difference in image spectrum parameters and related indices under different cotton plant height. The results show that the correlation between spectral reflectance and plant height reaches a highly significant level in blue light, green light, red light and near infrared wavebands, and NDVI and LAI vegetation indices established using red light and near infrared wavebands are significantly and positively correlated with plant height.