Based on micro survey data of 344 rapeseed farmers in 19 rapeseed counties of Hubei Province, with the aid of stochastic frontier production function model and efficiency loss model, this paper analyzed basic production situations, demographic characteristics of rapeseed farmers, technical efficiency loss, and main influencing factors. In Hubei Province, there are mainly following problems in rapeseed production: serious aging of rapeseed farmers; relatively scarce labors; the middle-aged and old farmers have higher technical efficiency level; with increase in farmer age, their technical efficiency firstly declines and then rises. In view of these situations, it came up with recommendations including raising educational level of rapeseed farmers to realize large scale economy and effectively reduce technical efficiency loss, and local government, specialized associations and agricultural machinery extension departments should provide proper technical guidance according to demands of farmers to reduce technical efficiency loss.