The role of the United States in international milk and dairy product markets has changed significantly in recent years. Although it seemed unexpected, the foundation for that change was laid following the 1994 signing of the Uruguay Round of GATT. The first decade of the 21st century also saw some important changes in the United States and in major dairy exporting areas around the world. Exploratory statistical analysis is undertaken to support assertions. There is at least some evidence that pre- and post-Uruguay round implementation periods are significantly different with respect to trade indicators. These preliminary findings suggest several avenues for further analysis.