Based on reform of the supply front, this paper analyzes the main constraints on China's current structure of agricultural products, including irrational allocation of resources between agricultural products, prominent problems concerning agricultural product quality and safety, disconnection between market demand and agricultural product R&D, and low processing capacity of agricultural products. Based on summing up the experience of the countries with developed agriculture, this paper proposes the path and mechanism for the optimization of structure of agricultural products in China: optimizing resource allocation of agricultural products; improving the quality of agricultural products; enhancing the R&D capacity of agricultural enterprises; promoting the processing and conversion capacity of agricultural products; perfecting the policy support and subsidy mode.