In order to explore a new mulch-free maize planting mode and the best seedling age for maize transplantation in Shanxi early mature area, a field experiment was carried out using completely randomized block design. Taking mulch based direct sowing as the control group, effects of transplantation in different seedling age on maize growing process, plant height, yield and composition factors of maize were analyzed. Results indicate that growing process of maize seedlings transplanted in different seedling age is slightly slower than the control group. Transplantation has effect of reducing plant height. Although the yield of transplanted maize in different seedling area is lower than the control group. Besides, with the growth of seedling age of transplantation, the gap is widening. However, through transplantation, it is expected to realize mulch-free maize planting in Shanxi early mature area. The yield of maize transplanted in two-leaf seedling age is not significantly different from the control group, and the yield is only 9% lower than the mulch-based direct sowing (CK). In conclusion, two-leaf period is the best seedling transplantation age for maize in Shanxi early mature area in this experiment condition.