There are numerous types of living resources in coastal and offshore areas of China. In recent years, both the population type and quantity structure have significant changes, and the stock of small fishery population resources is increasing. This population is precious protein resource. It is urgent to study how to take prompt and effective fishing and take full advantage of processing, utilization and management. Traditional utilization methods are limited by many factors. The utilization efficiency is extremely low. The feed conversion rate of some mariculture fishes with fresh small trash fishes as feeds is even as low as 0.2. Innovative production and management organization model with aquatic enterprises as leaders greatly increases the utilization efficiency of small fish resources with the aid of marine processing mother ship. In order to further accelerate developing and utilizing small fishery population resources in coastal and offshore areas, China should launch survey and utilization researches of small fishery population resources in coastal and offshore areas, formulate practical and feasible laws, regulations and policies, actively encourage and support autonomous innovative management mode of enterprises, and promote effective utilization and management of coastal and offshore fishery resources.