Transformation to a market economy in 1990 and accession to the European Union in 2004 had a big impact on the functioning of our agricultural sector and the organisation of farms in Poland, and in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The aim of the paper is to try to determine the organisation changes and processes of production concentration in Podlaskie agriculture on the background of Poland in 2002-2012. Use of agricultural production potential in Podlaskie is determined by environmental, economic and organisational conditions. Positive changes in Podlaskie region in the period of 2002-2012 include progressive specialisation in animal production, particularly in dairy cattle. In 2012, the share of livestock in commercial agricultural production was 89.3%, including 59.3% for milk production. The direction of these changes shows good use of adverse environmental conditions for agriculture in the region.