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Abstract
Wine is mostly sold in closed bottles that prevent buyers from inspecting their contents. This practice
turns wine into an experience good which buyers are unable to asses at the time of purchase. In
order to reduce buyers’ information gaps, wine sellers provide information about the wine on one or
several labels attached to the bottle. Wine buyers' problem then is to interpret this information and
to assess its veracity. Institutional arrangements have emerged in Germany, as in other wine
producing countries, that standardize communication between wine sellers and buyers, and that
reduce the risk of wine buyers being misled by the information provided by the sellers. Core
elements of the institutions are (i) verifiable wine quality categories or grades, (ii) wine examination
by independent experts and certification of the information items provided by the wine bottler, and
(iii) rules for the content and form of labeling information. Wines that satisfy all legal requirements
for a quality wine are deemed to be "Tested Quality in the Glass". They are recognizable by a number
that is issued for each wine that has passed examination; the number must be printed on the label.
The objectives of this study are three: (i) to provide an English-language description of the German
wine quality certification system, together with a summary of its legal basis; (ii) to describe an
alternative private wine certification system that has been grafted onto the pubic system, and (iii) to
encourage readers to think about how datafication of wine and digitization of wine certification may
transform the "Tested Quality in the Glass" system. The study is of interest to all wine experts and
scholars with an interest in wine certification, especially of German wines.