Agriculture is a very specific sector of the economy, much different from other economic activities. One of the main distinguishing characteristics of agricultural production is its nature and strong dependence on environmental conditions. These conditions largely determine the nature of agricultural production and its structure (plant/animal). Polish accession to the EU in 2004, and access to EU funds (subsidies for farmers under different EU programs) often caused a change in the current profile of farm activities. Therefore, it seems reasonable to examine changes in the specialization of agricultural production in Poland after 2004. The aim of this study will therefore answer the following questions: (1) Is there, and how strong is the concentration of each of the main types of agricultural production in Poland; (2) What is the nature of this production in selected spatial units. The analysis will be carried out on the basis of data from the Central Statistical Office in Poland, specialization will be determined using the ratio LQ location.