This study focuses on the economics of segregating U.S. non-biotech corn and soybeans for shipments to Japan, the primary export market for U.S. non-biotech grains and oilseeds, as a case study. The purposes of this paper are two-fold: 1) to estimate price premiums that buyers in both the U.S. domestic and Japanese export markets were willing to pay for non-biotech corn and soybeans for the 2000-2002 crops; and 2) to examine who bears the cost of segregation.