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Abstract
This paper assesses a strategy to alleviate recurring congestion on metropolitan highway systems
by adding “dynamic” capacity during peak periods, using shoulders as travel lanes, along with
variable peak-period user charges levied on all lanes, to manage demand and pay for the capacity
improvements and complementary multimodal investments. It presents an analysis of the traffic,
delay, fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, and cost and revenue impacts. The paper then discusses
various technical and public acceptance issues with regard to the concept, and how these issues
might be addressed.