Income and wealth inequality of U.S. dairy farms was estimated via the adjusted-gini coefficient using data from the 2005 and 2010 ARMS dairy costs and returns Phase III survey data. Results at the sample level demonstrate income and wealth inequality exists. A sample level quantile regression was estimated at decile (10%) increments to determine the factors that caused this inequality using net farm income per cwt of milk sold and net worth per cwt of milk sold and income and wealth measures, respectively. Results indicated that organic producers had higher income and wealth levels than conventional producers for both measures while life cycle effects were only present for the wealth measure.