The paper presents the results of research carried out among the farmers of the Wielkopolska region on their inclination to cultivate the fibre plants and medicinal plants. There is a description of the role of these plants in the farm production structure and the economic situation on the markets of flax, hemp and medicinal plants. Next one can find main factors of implementation of these species into the production in the context of Polish economic system. In the conclusions there are some recommendations for the economic policy towards farmers as well as industry processing fibre and medicinal plants.