The aim of the study was to carry out the environmental performance of agricultural production at the regional level, taking into account production efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. To measure the environmental performance of agriculture a nonparametric DEA method was used. The study covered the years 2007 and 2011. It has been shown that in Poland, on average, during that period both improved utilization of production resources and reduced negative impact of production on environment have occurred. In 2011, provinces that belonged to the group with a high environmental index were: Lubuskie, Podlaskie and Kujawsko-Pomorskie. Compared to the production resources of reference province, those ones were able to produce hypothetically the largest amount of positive effects and to burden an environment with gas emissions in the relatively lowest degree, as was indicated by the indicator values of positive and negative effects. Current direction of agriculture development utilizing technological progress is favourable for production efficiency and mitigation of environmental effects