Grain production core area is key region of modern agricultural development in China. Through summarizing related literature about grain production area and modern agricultural development researches both at home and abroad, it obtained characteristics and existing problems in the modern agricultural development of the grain production core area. It is found that there are many research perspectives in modern agricultural development of the grain production core area. On the basis of analyzing the grain production core area and connotation, mode and evaluation of the modern agricultural development, it is concluded that further study should be carried out for adopting which development mode and how to make evaluation, so as to provide theoretical guidance for balanced development of modern agriculture in grain production core area of different regions.