In the wake of current moves to dismantle apartheid in South Africa, the agricultural sector is seeking ways of restructuring its dualistic nature. Restructuring may affect both equity and productivity. Hungarian and other experiences can provide useful guidelines. Hungary's restructuring has virtually come full circle from individual units to colelctivization to individualization. Individual units have performed better than collective units. In its restructuring, South Africa must avoid the mistakes of others, striking a balance between equity and productivity.