000197731 001__ 197731 000197731 005__ 20210819132248.0 000197731 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.22004/ag.econ.197731 000197731 037__ $$a997-2016-77956 000197731 041__ $$aeng 000197731 245__ $$aThe Structure of Research and Transfer Policies in International Agriculture: Evidence and Implications 000197731 260__ $$c1992 000197731 269__ $$a1992 000197731 300__ $$a9 000197731 336__ $$aConference Paper/ Presentation 000197731 520__ $$aThis paper addresses the well-known paradoxes of high rates of protection, underinvestment in agricultural research, and relatively high productivity that characterize developed country agriculture, while developing country agriculture is typically characterized by taxation of the sector, research underinvestment, and low sectoral productivity. The paper tests the proposition emergiog from political economy theory that productive policies (e.g., research) and redistributive policies (e.g., subsidies) can be viewed as complementary in that the latter compensate producers who lose from the price-reducing effects of the former. The economic relationships between agricultural research expenditure, total policy transfers, sector productivity, and other variables are examined for a sample of developed and developing countries. The results confirm the complementarity hypothesis and show that increased relative rates of research expenditure are associated with higher agricultural productivity, higher country incomes, and higher rates of agricultural protection found in developed countries. The reverse is shown to occur in lowincome countries. The results suggest that both policy and trade reforms in developed countries and increased agricultural research allocation and sector productivity in developing countries may be harder to accomplish than previously thought due to the complementarity phenomenon. 000197731 546__ $$aEnglish 000197731 650__ $$aAgribusiness 000197731 650__ $$aInternational Development 000197731 650__ $$aResearch and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies 000197731 700__ $$aLee, David R. 000197731 700__ $$aRausser, Gordon C. 000197731 773__ $$q34$$o42 000197731 8564_ $$9f3b1d046-866a-4d3f-8bd8-a69884d19375$$s887763$$uhttps://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/197731/files/agecon-occpapers-1992-007_1_.pdf 000197731 887__ $$ahttp://purl.umn.edu/197731 000197731 909CO $$ooai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:197731$$pGLOBAL_SET 000197731 912__ $$nSubmitted by Allison Hasslen (hassl020@umn.edu) on 2015-02-04T16:18:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 agecon-occpapers-1992-007[1].pdf: 887763 bytes, checksum: 32967a32225f6c1db045aa1e078d5a0d (MD5) 000197731 912__ $$nMade available in DSpace on 2015-02-04T16:18:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 agecon-occpapers-1992-007[1].pdf: 887763 bytes, checksum: 32967a32225f6c1db045aa1e078d5a0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992 000197731 913__ $$aLicense granted by Allison Hasslen (hassl020@umn.edu) on 2015-02-04T16:16:03Z (GMT): <center> <h2> Deposit Agreement </h2> </center> I represent that I am the creator of the digital material identified herein (&ldquo;Work&rdquo;). I represent that the work is original and that I either own all rights of copyright or have the right to deposit the copy in a digital archive such as AgEcon Search. I represent that in regard to any non-original material included in the Work I have secured written permission of the copyright owner (s) for this use or believe this use is allowed by law. I further represent that I have included all appropriate credits and attributions. I hereby grant the Regents of the University of Minnesota (&ldquo;University&rdquo;), through AgEcon Search, a non-exclusive right to access, reproduce, and distribute the Work, in whole or in part, for the purposes of security, preservation, and perpetual access. I grant the University a limited, non-exclusive right to make derivative works for the purpose of migrating the Work to other media or formats in order to preserve access to the Work. I do not transfer or intend to transfer any right of copyright or other intellectual property to the University. If the Deposit Agreement is executed by the Author�s Representative, the Representative shall separately execute the following representation: I represent that I am authorized by the Author to execute this Deposit Agreement on behalf of the Author. 000197731 980__ $$a997 000197731 982__ $$gInternational Association of Agricultural Economists>1992 Occasional Paper Series No. 6