Enterprise flexibility, against the background of ever-faster changing environs, is deemed to be as a critical prerequisite for staying successful in business. Flexibility may be termed in an economic sense as the capability to adjust production schemes to a new situation without significant additional costs. Newlydeveloped methods for flexibility measurement and a comprehensive dataset were used to determine the scope and determinants of flexibility in Polish farm operations. It appears that flexibility of production technology is interrelated to farm specialization: Mixed enterprises are using more flexible technologies than dairy and granivore farms, which in turn are able to react more flexibly than crop production farms. Findings also indicate that small-scale farms have more flexible production systems than large-scale enterprises. This is true to say of all farm types. Small farms are apparently capable of changing their production schemes at lower additional costs and better adjusting themselves to changed market conditions. This may serve to explain the persistence of small-scale or dual agricultural structures in several transition countries, such as Poland.