This paper selects China and Thailand as a reference object. Based on the U.S. market, it analyzes the export competitiveness of the agricultural products of China and Thailand by market share and growth rate, measures the agricultural products of China and Thailand export competition degree by export product similarity index and estimates the agricultural products of China and Thailand export competitiveness strength by shift share method. The results show that: At present, in the U.S. market, the competition of the agricultural products of China and Thailand is fierce, but export growth of China's agricultural products is faster and more competitive. Finally on how to further improve China's agricultural exports competitiveness in the U.S. market and promote China's agricultural export trade to the U.S it puts forward the related countermeasures and suggestions.