The utilization efficiency of resources is one of the important factors affecting the development of modern agriculture. Using production function method and ratio analysis method, we carry out the horizontal comparison of the utilization efficiency of major agricultural resources such as arable land, agricultural machinery power and chemical fertilizer in Hebei Province and the national level, and the vertical comparison of the utilization efficiency of major agricultural resources between the prefecture-level cities in the province. The results show that the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources in Hebei Province is below the national average, and there are significant differences in the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources between the prefecture-level cities in the province.