For the purpose of accommodating the relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the development of local society and economy, this paper, taking Dalian Chengshantou Nature Reserve as a study area and PRA as a main research method, investigated and analyzed the status of social and economical development and the existing problems in the study area. The result shows that: the contradictory between the protection of nature reserve and the local development of social and economical activities are still prominent, and the principle of “integration of protection and reasonable development” proposed by the general plan of nature reserve has not reached the expected result. Therefore, further efforts should be made firstly to accommodating relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the local development activities, secondly to accelerating the development of eco-tourism and the relevant service industries in accordance with the local practical situations, and finally to promoting the sustainable development of both the protection of nature reserve and the local society and economy.