Improving the supply efficiency of rural public service is an important way to solve the severe shortage of rural public service. In this article, we use three-stage DEA model to carry out empirical research of the supply efficiency of rural public service in 31 provinces and regions of China. The results show that if without control over exogenous environment variables and random brunt, the classic DEA method will overestimate the rural public service efficiency; after controlling the impact of the external environmental factors, the mean of supply efficiency of rural public service in 31 provinces and regions of China is 0.697; the improved rural per capita income, population density, population size and the educational level of residents, is a significantly favorable factor for enhancing the supply efficiency of rural public service, while the increase in the proportion of fiscal spending on rural public service to GDP plays no significant role in improving the rural public service efficiency; according to their efficiency type, the provinces and regions should adopt some measures, such as improving the management level or expanding the supply scale, to improve the supply efficiency.