The Russian agribusiness has immense possibilities. At present it is vital to create such economic conditions under which the farming sector could develop dynamically. The increase in the grain production is of crucial importance for a take-off in all agricultural branches. In this respect, the grain sector is Russia’s strategically significant economic segment. This paper presents both potential possibilities and risk insurance in the Russian grain market. The purpose of the article is to outline an economic appraisal and a holistic analysis of this industrial sector along with elaboration of guidelines which are aimed at adjustment in this area, and commercial process optimization with the view to speeding up the grain production in the Russian Federation, which will enable to raise the export turnover. The practical importance of the paper is based on the fact that if the currently important problems are solved, there is a possibility of ensuring food security, stabilization, and sustainable development of the grain industry.