This paper examines the impacts of potential higher prices and short supplies for energy inputs used in the production of agricultura1 commodities. We focus specifically on the issue of the extent to which the cost or availability of energy inputs might lead to a situation in which the United States would no longer be a surplus producer and net exporter of agricultural commodities. These remarks presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Toronto, Canada, January 6, 1981