In this article, we analyze the cultivation and production of cashew in the world during the period 2005 - 2010, and make a concrete analysis of the import and export trade of cashew nut in the world in recent years. In particular, we give an overview of the production and trade in major producing countries of cashew such as Vietnam and India. Finally, we analyze the nutritional value, pharmaceutical and industry role of cashew nut, and look into the future of development of the cashew nut industry in the world.