In March 2007, the European Council announced that a minimum proportion of 10% of biofuels should be incorporated into the fuels used for road transport by 2010. The European public authorities put forward three main factors to justify such an ambition : the reduction in Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), the diversification of energy supplies and farm income support. While we wonder how the 5.75% incorporation could be reached by 2010, this new boost to Community policy on biofuels raises several questions.