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Abstract
The U.S. Department of Agriculture reimburses schools for meals provided to students
participating in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs. Reimbursement
amounts are based on national average estimated costs of meal production. Food prices, however,
vary across the United States, suggesting regional cost differences. This paper uses a qualityadjusted
translog variable-cost function to show how costs per meal vary across twenty-one U.S.
locations. The average deviation from national average cost is about $0.38 per meal; the average
cost deviation attributed to input prices is $0.17 and the scale effect is $0.135.