On the basis of analyzing the connotation and function of black box of science and technology, this article expounds the necessity of cultivating modern and new farmers in China at present, and points out that with incessant progress of science and technology, the modern agriculture based on black box of science and technology will continue to grow, which requires a large number of new farmers who can learn and improve black box of agricultural science and technology. Finally, the recommendations are put forward for cultivation of new farmers: improving farmers' training system; enhancing rural financial support, so that the farmers benefit from black box of science and technology; strengthening the cultivation of the practical ability, and promoting farmers' management capacity; strengthening the cultivation of innovative ability, and nurturing innovative farmers.