The systemic and structural reform of the agribusiness sector in Serbia began following the political changes in 2000, after a decade of isolation and economic disruption. In the meantime, the competitive advantages of Serbian agriculture in comparison with the other countries in the region were lost. Serbia’s path to reform, its dynamic and the achieved results show a strong similarity with the CEECs, but due to differences in resource availability and in initial market conditions there are also differences between the countries. In this paper the main features of structural changes in the Serbian agricultural sector, in comparison with other transition countries in the region, has been described, the basic factors which have contributed to these changes have been identified and explained, and the key consequences of this process and the related aspects have been examined.