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Abstract
This paper develops a framework for thinking about the policy challenge of scaling up
small scale interventions, governmental and non-governmental, that address poverty
reduction successfully. The framework sees scaling up as addressing different components
of market failure, government failure and civil society failure. Viewed in this way,
constraints to scaling up can be analyzed using a supply and demand framework on the one
hand, a political economy framework on the other. The main conclusions are: (i) in scaling
up the provision of basic social services, it is crucial to understand whether the binding
constraint is on the supply side or the demand side, and (ii) successful expansion of
successful civil society organizations has to manage in different ways constraints imposed
by the market and by the government.