This paper surveys the Australian history, development and applications of Leontief's input-output system. A strong agricultural/regional association with the technique is found to exist, both in terms of compilation and application of input-output tables. It is also found that while interest in the technique was historically the domain of a number of disparate individuals, in recent years there has emerged a wider involvement of Government agencies such as the Industries Assistance Commission at the Federal level and the various State Government Departments responsible for economic analysis. The paper concludes with a review of current developments.