Research on the transition to a new world economic order has already produced rich empirical results which help to validate sixteen specific research hypotheses for socialist and capitalist, underdeveloped and developed contexts, as well as the world economy as a whole. This multi-disciplinary literature on the NWO also maps out appropriate strategies that nations could follow to reach the goals of international efficiency, equity, equilibrium and positive evolution. Because of remaining lacunae and occasional disagreement, further research on the natural environment, economic motivation, social structures, political institutions, unifying values, and modeling techniques must be pursued. In addition to academic research, agricultural economists can play a fundamental social role in promoting a universal paradigm of transitions to a better NWO that integrates a whole series of innovative social and economic policies and institutions.