The global push toward free trade and the consequent rise in volume of imports from a wider range of countries incurs the likelihood of introducing unwanted pathogens. Given that a zero-risk quarantine policy is not possible, there are tradeoffs between the gains from international trade and the potential costs to society of disease incursions. The aim in this paper is to demonstrate a means for choosing among alternative import protocols through an economic model. The economic modeling approach applied to a stylised set of import protocols was a two step process. First, the gains and losses to consumers and producers, including costs of disease, were estimated for each import protocol. In the second step, three decision rules — minimax, minimin and minimax regret — were applied to a cost matrix to determine the most efficient import protocol.