The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D (research and development)both at home and abroad，including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds, human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D , the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D, the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds, is analyzed. The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward. For instance, unreasonable resource allocation;, low efficiency, and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific results. The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure, environment, channel, spatial layout and industrial chain.